Tóm tắt

Nanomotors, multimetallic systems are biologically inspired self-propelled tiny engines able to perform difficultrntasks of transporting cargos from one end to another in presence of hydrogen peroxide fuel. Nanomotors canrnrevolutionize the drug delivery system at the desired target by converting chemical energy into mechanicalrnenergy. Nanomotors exhibit unique properties like moving at higher speed, self-propulsion and drilling into therncomplex cellular environment. The review focuses on fuel dependent and fuel-free nanomotors with their pro-pulsion mechanism. Further, the review highlights the method of fabrication, biohybrid nanomotors, toxicitiesrnalong with their application in thefield of active drug delivery, diabetes, precise surgery, ischemic strokerntherapy, diagnosis and treatment of coronavirus, microwave hyperthermia, zika virus detection, anti-bacterialrnactivity, water treatment and sensing and challenges lying at the forefront in the development of these tinyrnnanomachines. Hydrogen peroxide is toxic to mankind; biohybrid motors give an extra edge of eliminatingrnhydrogen peroxide as fuel for self-propulsion, this can be used for smart drug delivery by reducing toxicities asrncompared to artificial nanomotors. Cost-effective fabrication of nanomotors will extend their applications inrncommercial sector overcoming limitations like scale-up and regulatory approval. In near future, nanomotors willrndiversify infields of restoring conductivity of electronic medical devices, 3D printing and theranostics.